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Paradoxplace Medieval Christian Church Page Links
POPES OF THE RENAISSANCE
Link to Paradoxplace Portrait Pages
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Still being developed
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Martin V |
Odo Colonna |
Rome |
1417 - 1431 |
The Council of Konstanz (1414 - 1418) deposes three competing Popes (including the "Medici mate" Baldassare Cossa) and restores a single papacy in Rome with Martin V as Pope. |
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Eugenius IV |
Gabriele Condulmaro |
Venice |
1431 - 1447 |
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Nicholas V |
Tommaso Parentucelli |
Sarzana |
1447 - 1455 |
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Callistus III |
Alfonso de Borgia |
Valencia (Spain) |
1455 - 1458 |
Uncle of the infamous Roderigo, Alexander VI |
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Pius II
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Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini
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Pienza (South of Siena), which he recreated as the first "new town" of the Renaissance. |
1405 1458 1464 (59) |
Sienese humanist Pope whose life is celebrated in ten huge (recently restored) narrative frescos painted by Pinturicchio in 1502-09, in the Piccolomini Library in the Siena Duomo. His books and manuscripts themselves never actually got moved there, and were eventually sold off by his family, who wanted the money. "After the ... austere church, the visual impact of the room is unforgettable - full of light and enlivened by colours of an incredible freshness and variety." Also a mind blowing demonstration of the newly discovered Renaissance science of perspective and vanishing points plus don't miss a couple of grotesque panels on the ceiling borders. |
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Paul II |
Pietro Barbo |
Venice |
1464 -1471 |
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Sixtus IV |
Francesco della Rovere |
Savona |
1414 1471 1484 (70) |
Intellectually powerful Franciscan. Father of the Sistine Chapel, and the use of Renaissance artists (particularly Pinturicchio) in the Vatican, of the Spanish Inquisition and of serious nepotism all over the place. Builder of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. Behind the scenes instigator of the Pazzi Conspiracy which led to the death of Guiuliano de'Medici, brother of Lorenzo. |
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Innocent VIII |
Giovanni Battista Cibo |
Genoa |
1484 - 1492 |
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Roderigo de Borgia
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Valencia (Spain) |
1431 1492 1503 (72) |
From the Spanish de Borgia family (nephew of Callistus III), and famous for things other than religious fervour or statesmanlike abilities!! Father of the ghastly Cesare and maligned Lucrezia and several others. Lover of Vannozza (Giovanna) dei Cattani, the drop dead gorgeous Giulia Farnese, and many others.
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Pius III |
Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini |
Siena |
1503 |
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Julius II |
Giuliano della Rovere
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Savona |
1443 1503 1513 (70) |
A Franciscan, like his nepotistic uncle Pope Francesco, who had ensured that Giuliano got in depth senior Vatican experiences from an early age. It was therefore surprising that Guiliano the Pope was actively anti-nepotistic and anti-simonistic - though at the same time he also raised the art of marketing indulgencies to dizzy heights. Known as "the Terrible", Julius was big, strong and had a legendary temper and was in his element at the head of the papal army going into battle. At the same time he was a leading patron of the arts, especially Michelangelo, Bramante and Raphael. A very Renaissance pope!
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Giovanni de'Medici
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Florence |
1475 1513 1521 (46) |
Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, the first of the Medici Popes, was a party animal.
Buried in Santa Maria Sopra Minerva in old Rome, along with his cousin Clement VII, the Florentine painter Fra Angelico, Sienese Santa Caterina (without head, which was souvenired by Siena) and others. |
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Adrian VI |
Adrian Florensz Dedal |
Utrecht |
1522 - 1523 |
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Clement VII
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Giulio de'Medici (de'Monte)
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Florence |
1478 1523 1534 (56) |
The Medici Pope who excommunicated Henry VIII and England, and got evicted from Rome by Charles V - Link to Insight Page on the Monarchs of Early Modern Europe.
Buried in Santa Maria Sopra Minerva in old Rome, along with his cousin Leo X, the painter Fra Angelico, Santa Caterina (without head, which was souvenired by Siena) and others. |
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Alessandro Farnese
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Canino (Viterbo) |
1468 1534 1549 (81) |
Brother of the drop dead gorgeous Giulia, who became favoured lover of Borgia Pope Allesandro VI, and of whom tragically no provable images survive. Because of this relationship he was showered with favours and money and became Cardinal at 25, but two Medici Popes (both younger than him) had to pass by before he got his turn on the Throne of Saint Peter at the age of 68.
Paul III was the Pope of the Counter Reformation who kicked off the Council of Trent in 1545 at the age of 77. Four more Popes were to occupy the throne of Saint Peter before the Council ended in 1563.
The Council decided that the Reformation needed to be rolled back (or stopped from further expansion anyway). Two of the European instruments used in this were the Jesuits (founded by S Ignatius Loyola in 1534) to teach, and an expanded Inquisition (which originated in Spain in 1478) to root out and eliminate those who did not want to be taught!
It was 1562 before the deliberations got round to music, resulting in the banning of masses based on popular songs (which most of them were) and other "distractive" music. Luckily Palestrina and Victoria were in Rome to take up the challenge of producing the new church music, and produced a transcendently beautiful style that was to retain its influence into the eighteenth century.
He was also responsible for one of the world's most beautiful palaces - the Farnese Palace in Rome, designed by Antonio di Sangallo the Younger and Michelangelo and containing a famous cycle of frescoes by Annibale Carracci painted between 1597 and 1604.
The French have the exclusive use of the Palazzo as their embassy, but it is possible to join a tour which runs on most Thursdays provided you book a couple of months in advance (booking via French Consulate - www.france-italia.it ) .
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Julius III |
Giovanni del Monte |
Rome |
1550 - 1555 |
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Marcellus II |
Marcello Cervini |
Montepulciano |
1555 |
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Paul IV |
Gian Pietro Caraffa |
Naples |
1555 - 1559 |
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Pius IV |
Giovanni de'Medici |
Milan |
1559 - 1565 |
The Pope who presided over the closing phase of the 18 year Council of Trent. Not related at all to the Florentine Medicis. |
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St Pius V |
Antonio Ghislieri |
Bosco Marengo (Turin) |
1566 - 1572 |
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Gregory XIII |
Ugo Buoncompagni |
Bologna |
1572 - 1585 |
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All original material on this site © Adrian Fletcher 2000-08 - The contents may not be hotlinked, or reproduced without permission
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